1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,700 This program is brought to you by Stanford University. 2 00:00:10,700 --> 00:00:27,000 Please visit us at stanford.edu Thank you. 3 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:31,440 I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities 4 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:36,119 in the world. 5 00:00:36,119 --> 00:00:44,119 Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to 6 00:00:44,119 --> 00:00:48,119 a college graduation. 7 00:00:48,119 --> 00:00:51,400 Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. 8 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:52,400 That's it. 9 00:00:52,400 --> 00:00:53,400 No big deal. 10 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:55,880 Just three stories. 11 00:00:55,880 --> 00:01:00,840 The first story is about connecting the dots. 12 00:01:00,840 --> 00:01:05,360 I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in 13 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:09,400 for another 18 months or so before I really quit. 14 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:12,279 So why did I drop out? 15 00:01:12,279 --> 00:01:15,239 It started before I was born. 16 00:01:15,239 --> 00:01:22,360 My biological mother was a young unwed graduate student and she decided to put me up for adoption. 17 00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:26,800 She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all 18 00:01:26,800 --> 00:01:33,599 set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, 19 00:01:33,599 --> 00:01:37,879 they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. 20 00:01:37,879 --> 00:01:43,320 So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, 21 00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:47,400 we've got an unexpected baby boy, do you want him? 22 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:50,879 They said, of course. 23 00:01:50,879 --> 00:01:55,800 My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college 24 00:01:55,800 --> 00:01:59,120 and that my father had never graduated from high school. 25 00:01:59,120 --> 00:02:03,379 She refused to sign the final adoption papers. 26 00:02:03,379 --> 00:02:09,360 She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. 27 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:13,899 This was the start in my life. 28 00:02:13,899 --> 00:02:19,880 And 17 years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost 29 00:02:19,880 --> 00:02:22,479 as expensive as Stanford. 30 00:02:22,479 --> 00:02:27,639 And all of my working class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. 31 00:02:27,639 --> 00:02:30,600 After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. 32 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:35,039 I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to 33 00:02:35,039 --> 00:02:36,839 help me figure it out. 34 00:02:36,839 --> 00:02:42,559 And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. 35 00:02:42,559 --> 00:02:47,520 So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay. 36 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:51,759 It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever 37 00:02:51,759 --> 00:02:53,960 made. 38 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:58,720 The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest 39 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:04,679 me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. 40 00:03:04,679 --> 00:03:06,399 It wasn't all romantic. 41 00:03:06,399 --> 00:03:10,399 I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. 42 00:03:10,399 --> 00:03:14,639 I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with. 43 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:19,199 And I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a 44 00:03:19,199 --> 00:03:21,960 week at the Hare Krishna temple. 45 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:23,720 I loved it. 46 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:28,039 And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be 47 00:03:28,039 --> 00:03:30,160 priceless later on. 48 00:03:30,160 --> 00:03:33,279 Let me give you one example. 49 00:03:33,279 --> 00:03:38,440 Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. 50 00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:43,639 Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand 51 00:03:43,639 --> 00:03:45,440 calligraphed. 52 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:50,320 Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take 53 00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:52,880 a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. 54 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:58,000 I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between 55 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:03,279 different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. 56 00:04:03,279 --> 00:04:09,600 It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture. 57 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:12,039 And I found it fascinating. 58 00:04:12,039 --> 00:04:17,399 None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. 59 00:04:17,399 --> 00:04:22,079 But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came 60 00:04:22,079 --> 00:04:23,399 back to me. 61 00:04:23,399 --> 00:04:25,920 And we designed it all into the Mac. 62 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:29,320 It was the first computer with beautiful typography. 63 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:33,519 If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never 64 00:04:33,519 --> 00:04:37,279 had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. 65 00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:41,399 And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have 66 00:04:41,399 --> 00:04:49,760 them. 67 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:53,959 If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class. 68 00:04:53,959 --> 00:04:58,160 And personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. 69 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,880 Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. 70 00:05:02,880 --> 00:05:06,839 But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. 71 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:09,959 Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. 72 00:05:09,959 --> 00:05:12,739 You can only connect them looking backwards. 73 00:05:12,739 --> 00:05:16,519 So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. 74 00:05:16,519 --> 00:05:21,799 You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. 75 00:05:21,799 --> 00:05:26,000 Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence 76 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,600 to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path. 77 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:38,359 And that will make all the difference. 78 00:05:38,359 --> 00:05:43,679 My second story is about love and loss. 79 00:05:43,679 --> 00:05:44,839 I was lucky. 80 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:48,239 I found what I loved to do early in life. 81 00:05:48,239 --> 00:05:51,619 Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. 82 00:05:51,619 --> 00:05:56,140 We worked hard, and in ten years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage 83 00:05:56,140 --> 00:05:59,899 into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. 84 00:05:59,899 --> 00:06:04,220 We just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd just turned 85 00:06:04,220 --> 00:06:06,100 30. 86 00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:08,779 And then I got fired. 87 00:06:08,779 --> 00:06:11,980 How can you get fired from a company you started? 88 00:06:11,980 --> 00:06:17,459 Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company 89 00:06:17,459 --> 00:06:18,459 with me. 90 00:06:18,459 --> 00:06:20,820 And for the first year or so, things went well. 91 00:06:21,019 --> 00:06:25,540 But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out. 92 00:06:25,540 --> 00:06:28,739 When we did, our board of directors sided with him. 93 00:06:28,739 --> 00:06:33,140 And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out. 94 00:06:33,140 --> 00:06:38,179 What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. 95 00:06:38,179 --> 00:06:40,779 I really didn't know what to do for a few months. 96 00:06:40,779 --> 00:06:45,000 I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped 97 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:47,700 the baton as it was being passed to me. 98 00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:54,059 I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. 99 00:06:54,059 --> 00:06:58,260 I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the Valley. 100 00:06:58,260 --> 00:07:01,299 But something slowly began to dawn on me. 101 00:07:01,299 --> 00:07:04,739 I still loved what I did. 102 00:07:04,739 --> 00:07:07,940 The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. 103 00:07:07,940 --> 00:07:11,779 I'd been rejected, but I was still in love. 104 00:07:11,779 --> 00:07:14,500 And so I decided to start over. 105 00:07:14,500 --> 00:07:18,339 I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing 106 00:07:18,339 --> 00:07:20,660 that could have ever happened to me. 107 00:07:20,660 --> 00:07:25,899 The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, 108 00:07:25,899 --> 00:07:27,820 less sure about everything. 109 00:07:27,820 --> 00:07:31,260 It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. 110 00:07:31,260 --> 00:07:36,059 During the next five years, I started a company named Next, another company named Pixar, and 111 00:07:36,059 --> 00:07:39,459 fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. 112 00:07:39,459 --> 00:07:44,059 Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story, 113 00:07:44,059 --> 00:07:49,579 and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. 114 00:07:49,579 --> 00:07:55,579 In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple, and the technology 115 00:07:55,579 --> 00:07:59,500 we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. 116 00:07:59,500 --> 00:08:03,579 And Loreen and I have a wonderful family together. 117 00:08:03,579 --> 00:08:07,779 I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. 118 00:08:07,779 --> 00:08:13,500 It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. 119 00:08:13,500 --> 00:08:16,220 Because life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. 120 00:08:16,220 --> 00:08:17,739 Don't lose faith. 121 00:08:17,739 --> 00:08:21,980 I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. 122 00:08:21,980 --> 00:08:27,820 You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. 123 00:08:27,820 --> 00:08:32,200 Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied 124 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:34,739 is to do what you believe is great work. 125 00:08:34,739 --> 00:08:38,820 And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. 126 00:08:38,820 --> 00:08:43,380 If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle. 127 00:08:43,380 --> 00:08:47,020 Because with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. 128 00:08:47,020 --> 00:08:51,820 And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. 129 00:08:51,820 --> 00:09:04,900 So keep looking, don't settle. 130 00:09:04,900 --> 00:09:08,880 My third story is about death. 131 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:12,280 When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, 132 00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:20,479 If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right. 133 00:09:20,479 --> 00:09:22,359 It made an impression on me. 134 00:09:22,359 --> 00:09:26,880 And since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked 135 00:09:26,880 --> 00:09:33,919 myself if today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today? 136 00:09:33,919 --> 00:09:38,359 And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row, I know I need to change 137 00:09:38,359 --> 00:09:40,559 something. 138 00:09:40,559 --> 00:09:44,479 Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered 139 00:09:44,479 --> 00:09:47,640 to help me make the big choices in life. 140 00:09:47,640 --> 00:09:54,479 Because almost everything, all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure, 141 00:09:54,479 --> 00:10:00,820 these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. 142 00:10:00,820 --> 00:10:05,679 Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking 143 00:10:05,679 --> 00:10:07,760 you have something to lose. 144 00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:09,599 You are already naked. 145 00:10:09,599 --> 00:10:13,640 There is no reason not to follow your heart. 146 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:17,520 About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. 147 00:10:17,520 --> 00:10:22,919 I had a scan at 730 in the morning and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. 148 00:10:22,919 --> 00:10:25,799 I didn't even know what a pancreas was. 149 00:10:25,799 --> 00:10:30,840 The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable and that 150 00:10:30,840 --> 00:10:35,359 I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. 151 00:10:35,359 --> 00:10:41,400 My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for 152 00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:43,359 prepare to die. 153 00:10:43,359 --> 00:10:48,479 It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to 154 00:10:48,479 --> 00:10:51,400 tell them in just a few months. 155 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:55,520 It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible 156 00:10:55,520 --> 00:10:56,520 for your family. 157 00:10:56,520 --> 00:11:00,840 It means to say your goodbyes. 158 00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:03,760 I live with that diagnosis all day. 159 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:08,400 Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, threw 160 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:13,400 my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from 161 00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:14,840 the tumor. 162 00:11:14,840 --> 00:11:19,880 I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under 163 00:11:19,880 --> 00:11:25,520 a microscope, the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic 164 00:11:25,520 --> 00:11:28,280 cancer that is curable with surgery. 165 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:40,320 I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now. 166 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:44,799 This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few 167 00:11:44,799 --> 00:11:46,440 more decades. 168 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:50,520 Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when 169 00:11:50,520 --> 00:11:55,159 death was a useful but purely intellectual concept. 170 00:11:55,159 --> 00:11:57,719 No one wants to die. 171 00:11:57,719 --> 00:12:01,780 Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. 172 00:12:01,780 --> 00:12:05,640 And yet, death is the destination we all share. 173 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:11,479 No one has ever escaped it, and that is as it should be, because death is very likely 174 00:12:11,479 --> 00:12:14,559 the single best invention of life. 175 00:12:14,559 --> 00:12:16,080 It's life's change agent. 176 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:19,359 It clears out the old to make way for the new. 177 00:12:19,359 --> 00:12:24,940 Right now, the new is you, but someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become 178 00:12:24,940 --> 00:12:28,059 the old and be cleared away. 179 00:12:28,059 --> 00:12:32,099 Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. 180 00:12:32,099 --> 00:12:37,539 Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. 181 00:12:37,539 --> 00:12:42,700 Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. 182 00:12:42,700 --> 00:12:46,760 Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. 183 00:12:46,760 --> 00:12:50,940 And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. 184 00:12:50,940 --> 00:12:55,460 They somehow already know what you truly want to become. 185 00:12:55,460 --> 00:13:09,059 Everything else is secondary. 186 00:13:09,059 --> 00:13:14,900 When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was 187 00:13:14,900 --> 00:13:17,619 one of the Bibles of my generation. 188 00:13:17,619 --> 00:13:22,900 It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought 189 00:13:22,900 --> 00:13:25,619 it to life with his poetic touch. 190 00:13:25,619 --> 00:13:30,039 This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was 191 00:13:30,039 --> 00:13:34,000 all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. 192 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:39,260 It was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along. 193 00:13:39,260 --> 00:13:44,780 It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. 194 00:13:44,940 --> 00:13:49,219 Stuart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then, when 195 00:13:49,219 --> 00:13:52,719 it had run its course, they put out a final issue. 196 00:13:52,719 --> 00:13:57,940 It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. 197 00:13:57,940 --> 00:14:03,580 On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, 198 00:14:03,580 --> 00:14:08,179 the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. 199 00:14:08,179 --> 00:14:13,179 Beneath it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish. 200 00:14:13,179 --> 00:14:19,460 It was their farewell message as they signed off, stay hungry, stay foolish. 201 00:14:19,460 --> 00:14:23,020 And I've always wished that for myself. 202 00:14:23,020 --> 00:14:28,419 And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. 203 00:14:28,419 --> 00:14:31,299 Stay hungry, stay foolish. 204 00:14:31,299 --> 00:14:32,299 Thank you all very much. 205 00:14:32,299 --> 00:14:56,780 Thank you. 206 00:14:56,780 --> 00:15:00,299 The preceding program is copyrighted by Stanford University. 207 00:15:00,299 --> 00:15:02,299 Please visit us at stanford.edu.

Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Address

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 연설 개요

• 스탠퍼드 대학교 졸업식 축사에서 자신의 인생을 담은 세 가지 이야기 제시
• 점 연결하기, 사랑과 상실, 죽음이라는 세 주제를 통해 진로, 일, 삶의 태도에 대한 통찰 제공
• 형식적 조언보다 개인 경험을 통해 배운 교훈을 압축적으로 전달

 첫 번째 이야기: 점들을 연결하기

• 입양 과정: 생모의 조건(부모의 학력), 부모의 약속(“반드시 대학에 보내겠다”)이 그의 인생 출발을 형성
• 고가의 대학 진학 후, 방향성 부재와 부모의 전 재산이 학비로 나가는 현실을 보고 자퇴 결심
• 자퇴 후 흥미 위주 수업 수강: 기숙사 없이 지내며, 콜라병 반환·사원 식사 등으로 생계를 유지
• 리드 칼리지의 탁월한 서예 수업을 우연히 듣고, 서체·자간·타이포그래피의 미학을 깊이 배움
• 10년 후 첫 매킨토시 설계 시 이 경험이 되살아나, 개인용 컴퓨터에 아름다운 글꼴과 서체 시스템을 도입
• 앞을 보며는 결코 점을 이을 수 없고, 뒤돌아볼 때만 점들이 연결됨을 이해
• 따라서 미래의 점들이 연결될 것이라 믿고, 직관·운명·인생·카르마 등 무언가를 신뢰해야 함을 강조
• 안전한 길이 아닌, 마음이 이끄는 비정형의 길을 따를 용기가 인생의 차이를 만든다는 메시지

 두 번째 이야기: 사랑과 상실

• 20세에 부모 차고에서 워즈와 함께 애플 창업, 10년 만에 40억 달러 규모·4,000명 직원의 회사로 성장
• 경영 전문 CEO 영입 후 비전 차이로 갈등, 이사회가 CEO 편을 들며 자신은 창업 회사에서 해고됨
• 공개적 실패와 좌절, 선배 기업가들에게 사과하며 도망치고 싶어 했으나, 여전히 일 자체를 사랑하고 있음을 자각
• 실패는 쓰라렸지만, 성공의 무거움이 사라지고 다시 초심자의 가벼움과 자유를 얻게 됨
• 그 결과 Next, Pixar를 설립하고, 훗날 아내가 될 사람을 만나 인생과 경력이 재도약
• 픽사는 토이스토리로 세계 최초 장편 컴퓨터 애니메이션을 제작, 최고의 애니메이션 스튜디오로 성장
• 애플이 Next를 인수하며 복귀, Next의 기술이 애플 부흥의 핵심 기반이 됨
• “끔찍한 약이었지만 환자에게는 필요했던 약”이라는 비유로, 상실이 장기적으로는 최고의 전환점이 될 수 있음을 시사
• 진정으로 사랑하는 일을 찾고, 찾지 못했다면 계속 찾으며 결코 안주하지 말라는 메시지로 정리

 세 번째 이야기: 죽음

• 17세 때 “매일을 인생 마지막 날처럼 살라”는 문장을 읽고, 33년간 매일 아침 거울 앞에서 같은 질문을 스스로에게 던짐
• “오늘이 내 인생의 마지막 날이라면 지금 하려는 일을 할 것인가?”에 아니오가 여러 날 계속되면 삶을 바꿔야 함을 암시
• 죽음을 의식하는 것이 큰 결정을 내리는 가장 중요한 도구라고 설명
• 외부의 기대, 자존심, 실패나 망신에 대한 두려움은 죽음을 앞에 두면 사라지고, 진정 중요한 것만 남음
• “이미 우리는 모두 벌거벗은 존재이며, 잃을 것이 없다”는 인식이 마음을 따를 용기를 준다고 강조
• 췌장암 진단 경험: 초기에는 3~6개월 시한부 선고, ‘정리하고 작별하라’는 의사의 권유를 들으며 실제 죽음을 준비
• 조직 검사 결과, 수술로 치료 가능한 희귀 암임이 밝혀져 수술 후 회복하지만, 죽음과 가장 가깝게 마주한 경험으로 남음
• 죽음은 모두가 공유하는 목적지이자, 삶의 가장 위대한 발명품, 변화의 촉매로 설명
• 시간이 한정되어 있기에 타인의 인생을 살지 말고, 도그마(타인의 생각의 결과)에 갇히지 말며, 내면의 목소리를 따를 것을 촉구
• 가장 중요한 것은 심장과 직관을 따를 용기이며, 그것이 이미 자신이 진정 원하는 바를 알고 있다고 강조

 마무리 메시지: Stay hungry, stay foolish

• 젊은 시절 세대의 ‘바이블’이었던 The Whole Earth Catalog의 마지막 표지 문구를 인용
• 시골 새벽길 사진 아래 적힌 “Stay hungry, stay foolish”를 자신의 인생 좌우명처럼 품고 살아옴
• 배고픔(hungry)은 현상에 안주하지 않고 늘 배우고 도전하려는 열망을, 어리석음(foolish)은 두려움 없이 새로운 길을 시도하는 용기를 상징
• 졸업 후 새로운 삶을 시작하는 이들에게도 같은 태도를 지니라고 조용하지만 단호하게 당부하며 연설을 마무리